4.4 Using Wildcard Characters in File Names
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A single file name can specify many files using "wildcard characters". The wildcard characters in `make' are `*', `?' and `[...]', the same as in the Bourne shell. For example, `*.c' specifies a list of all the files (in the working directory) whose names end in `.c'.
The character `~' at the beginning of a file name also has special significance. If alone, or followed by a slash, it represents your home directory. For example `~/bin' expands to `/home/you/bin'. If the `~' is followed by a word, the string represents the home directory of the user named by that word. For example `~john/bin' expands to `/home/john/bin'. On systems which don't have a home directory for each user (such as MS-DOS or MS-Windows), this functionality can be simulated by setting the environment variable HOME.
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通过使用通配符可以让一个文件名包含很多文件。在makefile中，通配符是 *, ?, [...]，和 Bourne shell 一样。例如，*.c 表示 在工作目录中所有扩展名字为 c 的文件。
开始于文件名的符号 ~ 也有特殊的含义。如果单独出现或后面跟一个斜线，它代表你的home 目录。
例如 ~/bin 代表 /home/you/bin 。
如果 ~ 跟在一个单词后面，此单词代表了home 目录下的用户名。例如 ~john/bin 会扩展为 /home/john/bin。
在没有给每个用户分配 home 目录的系统(例如 MS-DOS 或者 MS-Windows)，这个功能通过设置环境变量 HOME 来模拟。
本文转自健哥的数据花园博客园博客，原文链接：http://www.cnblogs.com/gaojian/archive/2012/09/19/2693103.html，如需转载请自行联系原作者